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Harvard-Yenching Library’s 1,019
Hong Kong negatives, of which 555
are from 1946 – 47, were taken
by Morrison using her classic Rolleiflex
and Rolleicord twins-lens reflex cameras.
Almost all the negatives have middle
ranges of contrast and density, but
some are underexposed and ‘flat’
(defects later overcome by superb
compensatory printing at Harvard).
Virtually all of the negatives are
in close to pristine condition. Throughout
her life, Morrison kept her negatives
in airtight trunks with silica gel,
and for decades maintained a weekly
ritual of drying out the silica gel.
Her Hong Kong images cover the entire
range of local life – in all,
they present the most complete pictorial
record of the community between the
early 1930s and the mid-1950s.
James Cheng, Librarian of Harvard-Yenching,
and Raymond Lum agreed that the project
– leading to a book and this
website – should be based on
the negatives, not on additional prints.
This was because of the negatives’
much greater number and the benefit
to reproduction quality from using
original negatives. Thus, the
initial task was to catalogue the
negatives by location and year, since
besides
her 1946 – 47 stay Hedda Morrison
later visited Hong Kong in 1959 and
1967.
The negatives were first grouped according
to the years in which they were taken.
The dating was assisted by Hong Kong’s
topography, with its panoramas that
reveal the development between 1946
and 1959, and between 1959 and 1967.
Prominent buildings and harbour reclamations,
completed in known years, greatly
assisted the dating. Indicating the
1946 – 47 dating were the very
small number of vehicles, the still
widespread use of Chinese clothing
and footwear (or bare feet), hard
living and the absence of consumer
items. The change to Western dress,
metal-band watches, ubiquitous rubber
thongs, moulded-plastic shopping bags,
zip-up windcheaters, and many more
vehicles reflected the Hong Kong of
1959.
(By 1967 Hong Kong had been physically
transformed, and the dating was immediately
obvious.)
A small proportion of the negatives
could not confidently be dated from
their context. A fortunate discovery
assisted with these. Of the 1946 –
47 negatives that could be definitely
dated by distinct urban features,
many had a tiny shadow line across
their top sky edge. This was caused
by a minute hair having lodged in
Hedda Morrison’s camera shutter,
and so casting a shadow onto the film
at the moment of each exposure. In
the definitively context dated 1959
images, this shadow never appears.
Thus its presence was used to reliably
date, to 1946 – 47, some of
the otherwise uncertain negatives.
The negatives at Harvard-Yenching
Library have no original contact prints,
so the editing could not take into
account Hedda Morrison’s choices.
(Photographers typically ‘cross’
their preferred images on the contact
sheet prints.) Instead, the editing
weighed and balanced each negative’s
technical quality (definition, composition,
contrast, density and physical condition);
its historic or social content; and
its visual or narrative relationships
with other images. |
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